Mitigation and Offsets

By Christopher Skerritt, M.Ed., MBA, Chief of Economic Services · Published · Reviewed

Mitigation and offsets are the deductions that turn a gross loss into a net loss: the earnings the person has earned or can reasonably earn after the event, the profits a business recovered, and, where the governing framework directs, collateral payments such as disability benefits, personal consumption in a death claim, or income taxes. The economist applies each deduction explicitly and separately so counsel can include or exclude it as the law requires.

When it is used

Every damages calculation involves at least one offset. Post-event earnings are netted in lost earnings and employment matters; personal consumption is deducted in wrongful death claims; replacement business is netted in lost profits; and the treatment of insurance, benefits, and taxes follows the venue's collateral source and tax rules as the collateral source guide explains.

Step-by-step

  1. Identify post-event earnings from tax returns and pay records and, where the person is not yet working, the earnings the vocational and medical evidence supports over the post-event horizon
  2. Project post-event earnings and benefits on the same basis as but-for earnings, with the same growth assumptions and the same worklife horizon, and net the two streams year by year
  3. In a death claim, apply a personal consumption deduction derived from household expenditure data for a household of the same size and income, and state the percentage and its source
  4. Catalog collateral payments in the record, such as disability benefits, workers' compensation, and insurance, and present them separately so counsel can apply the venue's collateral source rule
  5. Where the venue requires after-tax damages, compute the tax on but-for and post-event earnings using the person's filing status and the applicable rates, and present both gross and net figures
  6. Document each offset in its own schedule so the trier of fact can see the gross loss, each deduction, and the net result

Data sources

Limitations

Mitigation is a legal concept as well as an economic one: whether a person was required to accept particular work, or a business to take particular steps, is for counsel and the trier of fact, and the economist's role is to quantify the alternatives. Personal consumption percentages vary by method and data source, and the report should show the result under the alternatives when the deduction is contested. Collateral source and tax treatment differ by venue, so the report presents each offset separately rather than folding it into a single number.

Admissibility

Netting post-event earnings and deducting personal consumption in death claims are standard components of a damages calculation and are routinely admitted. Disputes arise over whether the post-event earnings assumed are supported by the vocational and medical evidence, over the consumption percentage, and over whether a deduction the venue prohibits was taken. A report that keeps every offset visible and separate is the practical safeguard.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the economist decide whether the plaintiff mitigated adequately?

No. The economist quantifies the post-event earnings the evidence supports and, where the parties dispute what the person could have earned, presents the loss under each version. Whether the person's efforts were reasonable is a question for the trier of fact.

What is a personal consumption deduction?

The share of a decedent's income that the decedent would have spent on personal needs rather than on the household. It is deducted in a wrongful death claim because the survivors' loss is the support they would have received, not the decedent's gross income. The percentage comes from household expenditure data and depends on household size and income.

How are after-tax damages computed when the venue requires them?

Where the venue requires after-tax figures, the economist computes tax on both the but-for and post-event streams from the person's filing status and presents gross and net figures side by side so the effect of the adjustment is visible. Where the venue prohibits tax evidence, gross figures are presented alone.

Services that use this method

References

Request a consultation on Mitigation and Offsets or call (201) 343-0700. Plaintiff and defense counsel.